Improve Fuel Efficiency with Tire Maintenance

Proper tire maintenance is one of the easiest and most effective ways to improve fuel efficiency. And with profit margins slim and shipping rates stagnant, optimal fuel economy is vital for carriers and owner-operators.

Tires can lose 2% of their pressure each month, even when they’re in good condition. If a tire is just 10 psi below its recommended pressure level, truck fuel efficiency can drop 0.5% to 1%. This is because tires flex more when they aren’t correctly inflated, increasing rolling resistance. Approximately 13% of fuel is consumed by overcoming tire rolling resistance (average values vary according to tread type). 

Appropriate tire inflation also is important for safety. Blowouts are possible both when tires are underinflated and overinflated. Underinflation increases pressure on sidewalls and creates excess wear on a tire’s shoulders. Overinflation results in excess wear at the center of the tire.

Here are ways to stay on top of tire maintenance: 

• Check tire pressure with a calibrated gauge during every pretrip inspection. Because heat builds up during operation, causing pressure to increase, always check pressure when tires are cold. Have a technician check tires with consistently low pressure.
• Also examine tires for damage during pretrips. Valve leaks, rim damage, cracks, cuts, punctures, bulges, excessive or irregular wear and other problems can impact tire pressure and reduce fuel economy.
• Look for signs of improper mounting. Tires that rub against each other or the vehicle will have problems down the road. 
• Use a flashlight to inspect tire grooves. If any objects are trapped between tread sections, remove them. 

If you are owner-operator, follow these guidelines as well:

• Spec tires wisely. The variables to consider when spec’ing tires are many. In today’s highly specialized world, it’s a good idea to find a reputable tire dealer to help you navigate through the process or do your homework carefully. 
• Rotate and balance tires on a regular schedule. Front or steer tires tend to wear more on the shoulders, and drive tires are more likely to wear in the center. Rotating tires can even out the wear. 
• Check vehicle alignment. Adjustments can reduce tire wear and improve fuel economy.